1第二阶梯电阻装置(32)用来提供位于第二组(x)电压电平之间的中间电压电平处的第三组模拟电压电平。 A second ladder resistor arrangement (32) is used to provide a third set of analogue voltage levels which are at intermediate voltage levels between voltage levels of the second set (x). 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101595516A 英文专利号：US2010066766
2相对于信号端12，响应于加到信号端11的电压，有一同相的电流从信号端11流入频率相关电阻器。 In response to the voltage applied to the signal terminal 11 with respect to the signal terminal 12, a current of the same phase flows into the frequency dependent resistor from the signal terminal 11. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1180458A 英文专利号：US6008691
3如下文将更明显的，端子912-3以及912-4直接将AC输入电压耦合到电容器606和616(绕开放电电阻器306)。 As will be more apparent below, the terminals 912-3 and 912-4 directly couple the AC input voltage to the capacitors 606 and 616, bypassing the discharge resistors 306. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102347606A 英文专利号：US2012007567
4电阻至频率转换电路部分34包括运算放大器38，该运算放大器38操作为振荡器，生成指示来自电阻器32的电阻信号的电阻的频率信号。 The resistance-to-frequency conversion circuit portion 34 includes an operational amplifier 38 that operates as an oscillator that generates a frequency signal indicative of the resistance of the resistance signal from the resistor 32. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101819232A 英文专利号：US2010188108
5其中所述振荡信号的频率至少基于所述第一电阻器和所述第二电阻器的电阻值。 wherein a frequency of the oscillatory signal is based at least on resistance values of the first resistors and the second resistors. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN103098372A 英文专利号：US2012049964
1很明显地，如图10A的波形1020所示，本发明的一实施例中，当第二信号线（如141、143、145、147）跟相邻的第一信号线（如131、133、135、137）之间具有足够的电阻差，不论发生断路或是短路均有较明显的检测信号，因此上述的断路或短路的缺陷可以更轻易地检测出来，进而提高产品的合格率。 Significantly, as shown in the waveform 1020 in FIG. 10A, in one embodiment of the present invention, if there is a sufficient difference between the resistance of the second signal lines (e.g., 141, 143, 145, 147) and the resistance of the first signal lines (e.g., 131, 133, 135, 137), the sensing signals may be significant in spite of an open-circuit or short-circuit. Therefore, the defect of the aforementioned open-circuit or short-circuit can be inspected more easily, and the yield of the products can be further increased. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102830520A 英文专利号：US8508111
2将串联电阻设定器(310)设置在存储单元阵列(70)和电脉冲施加装置(50)之间，通过控制串联电阻设定器，在使所选择的电阻变化型元件从低电阻状态变化到高电阻状态时和从高电阻状态变化到低电阻状态时的至少一方，使所述串联电流路径的电阻值在规定的范围内随时间变化而变化。 A series resistance setting unit (310) is provided between the memory cell array (70) and an electric pulse application unit (50). The series resistance setting unit is controlled to change a resistance value of a series current path with a predetermined range with time in at least one of a case where the selected resistance variable element is switched from a low-resistance state to a high-resistance state and a case where the selected resistance variable element is switched from the high-resistance state to the low-resistance state. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101802921A 英文专利号：US2010202185
3可根据线性分布或非线性分布来编程电阻状态。 resistance states may be programmed in accordance with a linear distribution, or a non-linear distribution. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102203868A 英文专利号：US2010110757
4控制模块74基于跨第一电阻R1的电压VR1、穿过第一电阻R1的电流Ids和/或穿过SSL电路62的电流IL生成第二控制信号PWM2。 The control module 74 generates the second control signal PWM2 based on the voltage VR1 across the first resistance R1, the current Ids passing through the first resistance R1, and/or the current IL passing through the SSL circuit 62. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN103329618A 英文专利号：US2012319621
5在室温(25℃)下测量时，表4中提供的微孔膜具有低电阻值，并且预期这些低电阻值在较低操作温度下将得以保持。 The microporous films presented in Table 4 have low resistance values measured at room temperature (25.degree. C.), and such low resistance values would be expected to be maintained at lower operating temperatures. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102449809A 英文专利号：US2012145468
1决定着光电二极管响应速度的CR时间常数中的C成分，也可以通过增加基底84的电阻系数直至某一值而被减少。 The C component in the CR time constant, which determines the response speed of the photodiode, can also be reduced by increasing the resistivity of the substrate 84 up to a certain value. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1290965A 英文专利号：US6404029
2也可以替代或结合通过测量电阻系数的改变情况而监测所述盘的温度，而电阻系数的改变情况可以通过在对盘供电的电源（即，如上所述的电源140）处测量电压和电流而得到。 Alternatively or in combination, the temperature of the disk may also be monitored by measuring a change in resistivity via voltage and current measurements at the power supply providing the disk with power (i.e., power supply 140 described above). 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN103081088A 英文专利号：US2012033340
3例如，传输模块318可接收指示地面用户想要LWD工具22开始测量周围构造的电阻率的信息。 For example, transmission module 318 can receive information indicating that a surface user would like LWD tool 22 to begin measuring the resistivity of the surrounding formation. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102272633A 英文专利号：US2010117855
4因此，传导层不沿着围绕电阻率开关元件310的孔111的侧壁产生到上电极400的短路。 Thus, the conductive layer does not create short to the upper electrode 400 along the sidewalls of the hole 111 around the resistivity switching element 310. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102089880A 英文专利号：US7579232
5低电阻率高性能PTCR陶瓷材料-汽车闭锁器马达过电流保护元件的制备 High Performance PTCR Ceramic Material with Low resistivity-Preparation of Overcurrent Protector for Door Lock Motor in Automobile 来源：学术文献
1(2)以电容器的电容性阻抗作为阻抗元件的代表，以构成第一阻抗Z101、及第二阻抗Z102作为实施例，在实际应用时，可依需要选择使用电容性、电感性、电阻性阻抗元件，兹说明如下： (2) The capacitive impedance of the capacitor is selected to represent the impedance components, thereby to constitute the first impedance (Z101) and the second impedance (Z102) in the embodied examples, whereof the capacitive, inductive and/or resistive impedance components can be optionally selected as needed in actual applications, whereby it is described in the following: 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101489329A 英文专利号：US2009179578
2通孔122与沟槽118之间的电容降低会减少发生信号的交错耦合，并且使得互连结构更佳的电阻控制(未显示)。 The decrease in capacitance between the via 122 and the trench 118 reduces the incidence of cross coupling of signals and allows better impedance control of the interconnect structures (not shown). 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101924063A 英文专利号：US2010314763
3如果送电装置101的输入电源是可接地连接的商用电源，则对接地阻抗ZG是与商用电源的“接地”导通的线的电阻、或者有意连接的电阻。 When the input power supply of the power transmitting apparatus 101 is a commercial power supply which can be grounded, the grounding impedance ZG is the resistance of a line electrically connected to the ground of the commercial power supply or the resistance of a resistor which is intentionally connected. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102510110A 英文专利号：US2012025628
4图5是与计算的偶极子配准的对应于图2和图4的人手臂截面区域的电阻抗断层照片(EIT)的图像； FIG. 5 is a representation of the electrical impedance tomogram (EIT) of the regions corresponding to the human arm cross-section of FIGS. 2 and 4 co-registered with computed dipoles; 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102573620A 英文专利号：US2012184838
5因为选择RCOMP电阻器的值，使得当正确地设置动作阻抗时电压等于VSWING，所以建立的第1阻抗值是正确的，电压将等于VSWING。 The first impedance value established is correct because the value of the RCOMP resistor was selected so that when the termination impedance was correctly set, the voltage would equal VSWING. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1435008A 英文专利号：US6347850
1再现元件22是电阻随着从盘D的垂直记录层d2(参照图2)漏出的磁场的大小而变换的磁阻效应膜，将光束传播元件25夹在中间而形成在记录元件21的相反侧的包层24(第2包层24b)的表面上。 The playback element 22 is a magneto-resistance effect film, in which the electrical resistance is converted depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field leaking from the perpendicular recording layer d2 (see FIG. 2) of the disc D, and is formed on the surface of the cladding 24 (the second cladding 24b) of the side opposite to the recording element 21 with the light flux propagation element 25 therebetween. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102402990A 英文专利号：US2012063277
2在通过纸张区域以及非通过纸张区域中，涡电流在加热旋转体9a中流动，从而由于加热旋转体9a所具有的电阻而产生焦耳热。 The eddy current passes through the heating rotor 9a in the paper passing region and the non-paper passing region to thereby generate Joule heat due to the electrical resistance of the heating rotor 9a. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102841528A 英文专利号：US2012328339
3如果激活层20电化学还原的第二部分22的活动边80通过狭窄部分27，其会导致电阻的增加。 If the travelling edge 80 of the electrochemically reduced second portion 22 of the activation layer 20 passes the narrow portion 27, this passage of the travelling edge 80 will give rise to an increase in electrical resistance. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101842743A 英文专利号：US2010251955
4这导致主动应变计2的放置在接触透镜1的中心C周围的部分的截面缩减，从而导致主动应变计的电阻增大。 This creates a diminution of the section of the portion of the active strain gage 2 placed around the center C of the contact lens 1 and thus an augmentation of its electrical resistance. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102695449A 英文专利号：US2013041245
5运用这种结构，放电电极的电阻可被降低，有效屏幕表面比率可被提高。 With this structure, the electrical resistance of the discharge electrodes can be lowered and the effective screen surface ratio can be improved. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1143791A 英文专利号：US5834896
1银膏涂布布线12g含有作为催化剂的银，用于促进氧气在阴极5中分解成氧离子，并且，也有助于降低阴极集电体12中的电阻。 Silver-paste-coated wiring 12g contains silver serving as a catalyst for promoting decomposition of oxygen gas into oxygen ions in the cathode 5 and also contributes to a decrease in the electric resistance of the cathode collector 12. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102933293A 英文专利号：US2013084514
2同时，当相对湿度变高并且充电辊子4的电阻变小时，流动通过充电辊子4的电流增加，从而安培表53的测得值增加。 In the meantime, when the relative humidity becomes high and the electric resistance of the charge roller 4 becomes small, the electric current flowing through the charge roller 4 increases, so that the measured value of the ammeter 53 increases. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101850656A 英文专利号：US2010245448
3磁力传感器的电阻根据磁力的变化而变化。 electric resistance of the magnetic sensor changes according to the magnetic force. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101907842A 英文专利号：US2010310261
4因此，在施加相同等级电压的情况下，电阻变化元件23的电阻值小于电阻变化元件13的高电阻状态下的电阻值。 Accordingly, the electric resistance value of the resistance change element 23 is smaller than that in the high resistance state of the resistance change element 13 with respect to the application of the same level of voltages. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102568565A 英文专利号：US2012212994
5将这种具有电子发射区1105的薄膜与激励成形工序之前的薄膜进行比较，在器件电极1102和1103之间测得的电阻大大增加。 Comparing the thin film having the electron-emitting portion 1105 with the thin film before the energization forming process, the electric resistance measured between the device electrodes 1102 and 1103 has greatly increased. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1169024A 英文专利号：US6195076
1为了解决由于反应器L1的该直流电阻引起的稳态损耗的问题，设置二极管D2(见图6)。 To solve the problem of the steady loss due to this direct-current resistance of the reactor L1, the diode D2 is provided (see FIG. 6). 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101326662A 英文专利号：US2009148735
2如图所示，使用厚度压缩比处于0.67～0.82的范围的正极片(例8c、例8d、例8e、例8f、例8g)构成的锂离子电池，直流电阻和反应电阻的值都低，作为在车辆动力源用途以及其他用途中使用的锂离子电池表现出特别良好的性能。 其结果支持如下见解： As shown in the graph, the values of direct current resistance and reactive resistance of the lithium ion batteries constructed using the positive electrode sheets having thickness compression ratios within the range of 0.67 to 0.83 (Examples 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f and 8g) were all low, and demonstrated particularly satisfactory performance for use as lithium ion batteries used for vehicle motive power sources and other applications. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101911345A 英文专利号：US2010285369
3然后，当经过规定时间时（S21：是），朝向SMA线21的供给电流降低第2规定值（S22），在图8中，然后，在经过规定时间之前，当前电阻值到达目标电阻值3。 Thereafter, when the predetermined time has passed (S21: YES), the supply current to the SMA wire 21 is reduced by the second predetermined value (S22). In FIG. 8, thereafter, the current resistance value reaches the target resistance value 3 before the predetermined time passes. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102612337A 英文专利号：US2012162402
4形状记忆合金元件的当前电阻在方框26被测量且被提供给控制器。 The current resistance of the shape memory alloy element is measured and supplied to the controller at block 26. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102400875A 英文专利号：US2012065744
5如图所示，使用厚度压缩比处于0.74～0.82的范围的正极片(例4c、例4d、例4e)构成的锂离子电池，直流电阻和反应电阻的值都低，作为在车辆动力源用途以及其他用途中使用的锂离子电池表现出特别良好的性能。 As shown in the graph, the values of direct current resistance and reactive resistance of the lithium ion batteries constructed using the positive electrode sheets having thickness compression ratios within the range of 0.74 to 0.82 (Examples 4c, 4d and 4e) were all low, and demonstrated particularly satisfactory performance for use as lithium ion batteries used for vehicle motive power sources and other applications. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN101911345A 英文专利号：US2010285369
1然而，碳纤维叠层板的电阻率比金属(例如铝合金或者镁合金)的高。 However, the electric resistivity of a carbon fiber laminated plate is higher than that of a metal (for example, an aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy). 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102436131A 英文专利号：US2012074331
2导电基质150使得导电碳材120、储能颗粒130、导电碳须140与碳膜110之间进一步彼此电性连接，能够降低储能复合粒子102的表面电阻，达到高功率特性。 The conductive matrix 150 further electrically connects the conductive carbon component 120, the energy storage grain 130, the conductive carbon fiber 140, and the carbon film 110, thus reducing the surface resistance of the energy storage composite particle 102, and obtaining a high power characteristic. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102569805A 英文专利号：US2012164531
3含有至少约50重量％的浆料纤维的非织造基础纤网，所述浆料纤维包括加拿大标准游离度为至少约350毫升的软木纤维，该非织造基础纤网还含有至少约5重量％到约15重量％的导电纤维，所述导电纤维包含纯度为至少85％的碳纤维，所述浆料纤维和所述碳纤维混合，该基础纤网具有长度方向和宽度方向，该基础纤网长度方向的抗拉强度为至少约5900克力，该基础纤网的基重小于约40克/平方米并且是无皱的，所述碳纤维的长度为约1毫米到约6毫米，该基础纤网的松厚度小于约1cc/g，该基础纤网含有湿强剂，该基础纤网的电阻小于约100欧姆每平方。 a nonwoven base web containing pulp fibers in an amount of at least about 50% by weight, the pulp fibers comprising softwood fibers having a Canadian Standard Freeness of at least about 350 mL, the nonwoven base web further comprising conductive fibers in an amount of from about 5% to about 15% by weight, the conductive fibers comprising carbon fibers having a purity of at least about 85%, the pulp fibers being mixed with the carbon fibers, the base web having a length direction and a width direction, the base web having a length direction tensile strength of at least about 5900 gf, the base web having a basis weight of less than about 40 gsm and being uncreped, the carbon fibers having a length of from about 1 mm to about 6 mm, the base web having a bulk of less than about 1 cc/g, the base web containing a wet strength agent, the base web having a resistance of less than about 100 Ohms/square. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102257200A 英文专利号：US2010155006
4CFRC中碳纤维长度分布对强度和电阻率的影响 Length Distribution of carbon fibers in CFRC and Its Influence on the Resistivity and Strength 来源：学术文献
5硅灰对碳纤维导电混凝土电阻率和强度的影响 Influence of Silica Fume on Properties of carbon fiber Electrically Conductive Concrete 来源：学术文献
1例如，通过液相水解硫酸氧钛或类似物，可以获得纳米级二氧化钛，但在其自身形成的二氧化钛结构电极中，由于合成中的小热史、低结晶度和颈接结构的较少形成，电阻较大。 For example, a nanometer-scale titanium dioxide can be obtained by hydrolyzing titanyl sulfate or the like in a liquid phase, but in the titanium dioxide structure electrode formed thereof, the electronic resistance is large due to small heat history at the synthesis, low crystallinity and little formation of a necking structure. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN1910713A 英文专利号：US2009014062
2在该同一时段期间，当在集流体和邻近于分隔体16的内表面定位的锌粒之间测量时，阳极部分30的电子电阻几乎无穷大。 During this same period, the electronic resistance of the anode portion 30 is nearly infinite, when measured between the current collector and the zinc particles located adjacent to the inner surface of separator 16. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102171857A 英文专利号：US2010081046
3因此整个阳极14内的平均电子电阻很大。 Hence the average electronic resistance within the entire anode 14 is high. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102171857A 英文专利号：US2010081046
4当从集流体20到邻近于分隔体32的内表面定位的锌粒进行测量时，阳极部分28的电子电阻不大。 The electronic resistance of the anode portion 28 is low, when measured from current collector 20 to the zinc particles located adjacent to the inner surface of separator 32. 来源：专利文献 中文专利号：CN102171857A 英文专利号：US2010081046
5皮肤电阻测量X-Y指示器 THE X-Y INDICATER TO MEASURE SKIN'Selectronic resistance 来源：学术文献
